KY6MTR


KY6MTR AMATEUR RADIO




what you say on 6 meters FM Repeaters,
someone on Alpha Centauri might be listening.


If you like a challenge, the Six meter band is it! If you want reliable, easy, worldwide Amateur Radio communication, stick to 20 meters. However, if you enjoy a challenging band that changes from moment to moment, 6-meters is just for you! My areas of interest in Ham Radio over the years has been the Six Meter FM band.The rise of Solar Cycle 24 now the band conditions are open Watch for many types of propagation like tropo, meteor, lightning, especially sporadic E on VHF.

52-54 MHz FM is probably the easiest VHF band to achieve regular long distance (DX) communications, but radio conditions can vary tremendously depending on the time of year and the solar cycle. The best time of year can be anytime with Sporadic-E, where with low power and simple antennas anyone can work most of USA up to 2,000 Miles or more distance from your station and with very strong signal strengths in both directions. Generally, Es is more common in the temperate latitudes closer to the tropics. I have from my Kentucky location in the USA over many years have made the common observation that the N.N.E. [New York area states], and S.S.E. [Florida] seem to be the most common Signals in Es DX’ing FM repeaters.

Six meters offers nearly every kind of propagation known. At the peak of a sunspot cycle, when the solar flux rises to between 150 and 200, the F-layer skip can provide worldwide contacts on six. If the flux goes significantly above 200, DX work on six can even get fairly reliable. Propagation modes more familiar to VHF operators, such as sporadic-E, auroral, meteor-scatter, transequatorial and moonbounce, all have been used on six meters.

Double hop Sporadic-E is sometimes seen in the Summer with distances in the order of up to 5,000 miles to areas like South America or i've worked Japan. Some distances worked when at solar minimum have been in the order of 7,000 miles to parts of the world; is this triple hop Sporadic-E or something else such as the less well known Short-path Solstice Propagation (SSSP)? It could be F2 layer reflections as we are at solar max in 2011-2012.

However, conditions can generally be poor and the band appear totally deserted at times. There are exceptions as at the maximum of the solar cycle when 52-54 MHz FM signals are reflected by the F2 layer just like on HF and it is possible to work all continents including! Also it is possible at all times of year to work stations in South America and Canada by bouncing your signals off the ionised trails left by meteors entering the Earth's atmosphere. but there is plenty of Meteor Scatter activity, most mornings and evenings, around 52.525 Mhz fm simplex. You will need a directional beam.

Which is best 6m vs 2m

Having used both these bands for a long time. According to all the charts and tables, 6m and 2m propagation over line-of-sight as well as tropospheric forward scatter the most predominant mode for local communications, after line of sight are nearly identical, slightly favoring 6 meter because a given path is covered by fewer wavelengths on 6m. However, in reality, small 2m antennas -- the kinds you night be able to use with hand-held equipment -- are far more efficient, thus favoring 2m.

This is the reason that the average equipped station having similar gear for both 6m and 2m at his home station will usually find 2m signals are stronger over any given local path: The average station might have a 8-9 dB gain antenna elevated two wavelengths above ground on 50 MHz, whereas that same average station might have a 12-13dB gain antenna, elevated five wavelengths above ground on 144 MHz. All other factors being equal, the 2m antenna system is so much more efficient, that signals will all appear stronger on 2m, even though propagation loss slightly favors 6 meters.

2M VS 6M Mountains

6 meter FM can have quite different propagation than 2 Meter FM, but not necessarily better over an obstructed and mountainous path. Six Meters works better for knife-edging over a down range high mountain. 2 Meter will reflect around a closer up mountain. I can work VHF 6m FM over the other side of the Appalachian Platuau Mountain ridge,with rock solid communications on FM 52-52 MHZ FM with a good directional, gain antenna systems (not mobile antennas).

Beware of 6m, there is no known cure once you become addicted :-)

Where can I run 6 Meter FM? Usually on FM repeaters at 52-54 MHz. Most six meters DX enthusiasts Used the distance 6m repeaters because of all the different band conditions. The level of activity varies with the area. Its popularity is on the rise thanks to several new all-mode six-meter rigs on the market. The main FM simplex frequency is 52.525 MHz. The odd choice of frequency is a legacy from the distant past. The six-meter national simplex channel. Band openings on six can make this frequency come alive. Your local range is better on six meters than on two meters with the same power and a similar antenna. If two meters is too crowded in your area, the FM portion of six meters may be just the solution you need!

Amateur Radio Mods-Tricks-Conversions.. Solid State Amps..
Beam Antennas.. Ground Planes, Quads...
Burnside, Somerset, Kentucky.

The most powerful transmitter in the world
operates one million watts pulse power,
now back to reality.
6 meters is about 100 times less popular than 2 meters.


RATED Number 1 The Best 6m FM Radio Ever Made Azden PCS-7500H

I've had the Azden since sometime in the early 1990's, operating it as a fixed station rig. The Azden PCS-7500H is a 6m FM transceiver the greatest 6 meter FM radio ever maded with a whopping price of $530.00 usd in the 1990's, it has 20 memories (10 in each memory 'bank'). It has a very odd method of programming CTCSS tones, requiring the use of a code cross reference list from the owner's manual each time, and one must set the rx & tx tones separately (PCS-5000 2M works the same way) Regular MFJ microphone will work fine if not better than the push button microphone and you can do all the programing with the front panel buttons on the Azden, you don't need the push button microphone to program the radio. It produces 5 watts on low transmit 50 watts on high With a built in fan thats very quite and only comes on when the unit heats up, with a outstanding receiver. I monitoring repeaters KB4PTJ 53.07 Mhz Fm at Williamsburg, Ky does carry the tri-state area net on thursday nights. Don AC4DM Somerest-Nancy, Ky Has two great locations and does a great job of maintaining his top of the line powerful repeaters. The AC4DM 53.27 machine at Somerset-Nancy,Ky At the present its being factory rebuilt..The AC4DM 53.39 machine will be up soon in a new location Somerset-Nancy,Ky. The WA4BGK 53.01 machine in Nashville is a good 6m repearter at 160 miles, The KE4ZJT 53.910 FM machine has a hot receiver in London,Ky with a nice voice controller and carries tri-state area link net on thursday nights.

Azden PCS-7500H

My 6 Meter 3/4 wave Rehad J-Pole 52-52 Mhz FM Made Out Of Crutches!

Building My J-Pole started when I spotted some crutches right then and there the Rehad J-POLE was borned. I wasn't going to spend another 200 usd for a 6 Meter ground plane that I wasn't happy with [Diamond].. I wasn't going to spend one penny for this antenna.. In the past building any kind of 6M antenna I never had any luck doing so.. This one went smooth no problems and it loaded up 1:1 across the entire 52-54 Mhz FM 6M band..Its tall 14' plus but easy to handle and you can put it anywhere.. You have to be 6' away from any objects.. Diagrams to build.. Do a search for 6m J-Poles.. You will find all kinds.. Don't bother with the five turn coils on your co-ax that is nothing but asking for pure trouble, connect your 50 ohm co-ax directly to the J-Pole..

The J-Pole antenna can be best described as a ½ wave section over a ¼ wave vertical with a ¼ wave matching stub. The 2 quarter wave sections at the base of the antenna run parallel to each other. The current in the one section will be out of phase of the other, keeping that section of the antenna from radiating. The remaining half wave section will radiate extremely well since there is no counteracting field to keep it from radiating. As a half wave antenna, the J-Pole doesn't need any radials or a ground plane to work. Average gain with a 6 meter J-Pole on 52-54 MHz FM is about 3 db others have reported a 6 db gain. The biggest advantage of the J-Pole is that it is at DC ground and that can save your radio from burned pin holes in the RF Receiver Transistors, and it can be mounted just about anywhere and still work. No special grounding or a ground plane is necessary for operation.

I owned the 6M Diamond 5/8 wave collinear verticals, and its "okay," but trust me, its not a great antenna. The 3/4 wave J-Pole may very well outperform it showing a full "S" unit over the Diamond on receive.

I can confirmed that the j-pole is slightly directional, It's something on the order of one "S" Units favoring the side the matching stub points to [Large element is the driven, Shorter element is the matching stub] and the signal goes in the direction of that stub. The better performance is probably an effect of having 50% more metal in the air over most ground planes -- it has a larger aperture, so it will both radiate and intercept more energy. But for all intents and purposes, it's an omni antenna. Be sure to connect the co-ax center wire to the longer driven element.

Homemade rehad 6M J-Pole

The 50 year Old Big Gun 6 Meter
52-52 Mhz FM Quad 4 Element

For Top Gain: You must have the long boom on 6 meters FM. The big gun, has the longest boom,and the tightest frontal lobe of its type. All others have shorter booms and therefore less gain, it is positively the most powerful antenna of its type. Extremely directional, you point it directly at the signal on receive or you don't hear it. Ideal for cutting down on interference. Genuine Diamond FM quad construction for proven superior performance. You get 14.5 db power gain, 38.7 db F/B ratio, forward gain 18 db. VSWR at resonance 1.2:1..

You either love a Quad or you hate them. I've heard of Quads stacked, UFO matchng devices, and some with weird fitted, bed springs. Depending on who's telling the story, they might have more gain than a yagi on a helicopter at 1200 feet, or they won't reach a hand-held across the backyard. I try to make it a personal point to stay out of these CB University fences. You can put a "Diople" on it, you can even place a "tutu" on the Quad, but the truth is, it remains a Quad.

Four element Quad gives the highest gain to size ratio of any type of beam in existence on Six Meters. If you go more than 4 elements the gains are negligible, less than 4 elements and you could have a bit less than you get with 4 elements. These are the simple reasons I recommend the four element wide-space quad.

The fifty year old Big Gun Quad is up and completely rebuilt Nov/2011!
High Tower - Full Power....

CLICK FOR LARGER PHOTO..Quad six Meter wide spaced Big Gun.. 50 years old.. rebuilt 2011 and now on the air..

Fifty Year Old Telex 11 element Heavy
69' Long-Monster Six Meter [Spiral-Ray] Beam

The trick restoring my 6m Yagi!!! My aim was to optimise the 6m Monster wide spaced beam 20 db 100X 11 Elements 9 69' boom [Sriral-Ray] design over upper frequency range, 52.000 to 54.000 MHz. The [Spiral-Ray] 6-meter beam is designed to work on the 50-51 MHz SSB narrow bandwidth cirular Horizonal Scatter. In electrodynamics, circular polarization of an electromagnetic wave is a polarization in which the electric field of the passing wave does not change strength but only changes direction in a rotary type manner invariably sacrifice forward gain and pattern quality for Scatter.

My mod of making the Telex 6m beam for vertical FM with a slight left - right curcular wave pattern with the main focus on Vertlal polarization for wider SWR 1:1 bandwidth 52 - 54 mhz seen to work best after looking at FM Radio broadcasting stations antennas , It must be inside secret they are all broadcasting Circular Polarization for mobile and home FM receivers. When optimising a design over a 52 - 54 mhz FM bandwidth on Six meters, fewer elements are needed. As long as you have a certain minimum number, Yagi forward gain is determined by boom length, not element count. Elements added to the interior of this design won't increase its gain. They will increase the bandwidth over which the pattern and SWR remain good, but this vertical design adequately covers the high end of the 6 meter FM Band. The long [Spiral-Ray] 6m 11 element Beam has a perfect 1:1 match.... It's in the hanger till sringtime 6 meter season 2012

CLICK FOR LARGER PHOTO..Monster 6 m beam

Do You Wish To Burn A Hole In The Ionosphere On
The Six Meter FM Band ?

The goal was a powerful Six Meter amateur solid state Linear for FM on the 52-54 Mhz FM band.. I purchased this Big powerful linear as-is a non working RF AMP its a 8 KW watts model 32X2SC2879 Fatboy solid state AM-FM linear (FATBOY is still in business).. When I remove the cover at home in my work shop (the kitchen table) I was just amazed at how simple everything looked and such a rugged build.. My goal now was to see if i could get the amplifier to work.. It was so simple to fix the RF amplifier, with in hours the rf linear was just working fine, You can do just about anything with this linear its an amazing RF amplifier... With the Fatboy working perfect at low power into a ***heating range element*** for a Dummy load . I looked the massive powerful built RF Linear over and here is what I had.

Its now a conversion Fatboy High-Drive model 32X2SC2879 8 KW box AM-FM, chassis, relay, chokes, wiring, and fans, the AMP board is for 32 Transistors (Pills).. It has all the transformers/combiners, ferrite cores, resistors and chokes in place as designed. My transceiver on low power at 10 Watts and drives it perfect.

The FatBoy philosophy was and still is "KISS". The reliability of FatBoy VHF Amplifier has been phenomenal. Much like the post-WII surplus radio era and later commercial two-way radio surplus era, the potential for a second long lifetime in high-power Linears for the Six meter FM Ham & Amateur radio service is compelling.

Six Meter Beam Tune-Up?

 Solid State 6m amplifier.Solid State 6m amplifier.Solid State 6m amplifier.Solid State 6m amplifier. 6m beam tune-up

How come I never hear anyone on Six meters?

F2 Openings on six meters are rare, especially during low points in the sunspot cycle.F2 openings occur only when the solar flux is high, and occur most anytime during the daytime when the solar flux is at least above 150, preferably 200.

6 Meter DX aurora openings are common. The most common openings are a result of sporadic E (Es),

VERY EARLY ON THE LACK OF ACTIVITY ON 6 METER SSB
I just moved up the band to where you can hear someone on.
its the six meter FM repeater frequencies and when
the 6m DX band opens up you will know it fast.

 Sporadic E 6 meter DX'ing

May be considered the most important ionospheric propagation mode in VHF dxing supporting long distance communication even with low power Amatuer radios. The term "sporadic E" is however a geophysical term denoting localized enhancements of the electron density In fact, the electron density is only one of the many controlling parameters in sporadic E dx openings. The geophysical phenomenon has been exhaustively studied experimentally and theoretically by scientists, open questions however remain and some of them are addressed by me based on observations made as a radio DX VHF amateur enthusiast.

I have not only explore radiowave propagation within the Earth atmosphere but also in space There are even astronomical bodies playing an important role in VHF communication: meteors entering the Earth atmosphere create short-lived trails of ionized gas in a height of 100 kilometers which we all know as shooting stars. However, this trails may also scatter VHF radiowaves with high efficiency at 53 MHZ FM. Finally it is worth to mention that even small ham radio antennas may detect radio signals from outer space, e.g. the radio noise originating from the sun and also from the center of our Milky Way galaxy.

Sporadic E
A simple View by KY6MTR

This is probably the most interesting and exciting forms of signal enhancement for the VHF 6M FM DXer. Highly ionized patches or "clouds" occasionally form We call these sporadic E clouds. Sporadic E clouds are usually fairly small in size, but larger clouds or multiple clouds often form during substantial openings. These clouds often, but not always, travel from their point of origin to the north and northwest at speeds up to several hundred miles per hour.

It's interesting to note that after almost 50 years of study the true cause for sporadic E is still unknown. There are different theories as to how and why sporadic E clouds form I believe its the following.

The primary cause of sporadic E cloud formation is wind shear, a purely weather-related phenomenon. Intense high altitude winds, traveling in opposite directions at different altitudes, produce wind shear. Sporadic E clouds are formed in the vicinity of thunderstorms by the intense electrical activity associated with the storm. There is often a correlation between thunderstorm activity and the formation of sporadic E clouds, enough to make this theory very tantalizing. However, strong thunderstorms often form along frontal boundaries, and intense wind sheer is usually found along the same frontal boundaries that produce thunderstorms. MY point is as I study the new online radar doppler maps, nobody has presented a definitive explanation for how and why sporadic E clouds form. It's entirely possible that sporadic E clouds are formed as the result of a combination of factors, perhaps involving wind shear, the size of rain drops, thin long bands of dry air fronts, warm & cold fronts meeting, cosmic debris and thunderstorm activity.

6 Meter enhanced ground waves

Ground Wave and Space Wave:

Tropo-Scatter plays with these two and we notice in the early mornings on 6 meter fm repeaters a enhanced ground wave.

Tropo-scatter is always present to some degree just about everywhere and we wonder why is that 6m repeater signal 100 miles away went from noise to full quiteing or the "S" meter and jump full scale. Tropospheric scatter at 6m frequencies is caused when the paths of radio signals are altered by slight changes in the lower atmosphere caused by air turbulence, and small changes in temperature, humidity and barometric pressure. The transmitted signal is scattered forward and downward from what I call the Space wave, its bent down toward the ground earth wave and is responsible for enhanced signal paths longer distance than the normal line-of-sight signals.

Six Meter Vertical Antenna

Some may not be aware that a 5/8 wave 2 meter
antenna works great on 6 meters FM as a 1/4 wave.
A 5/8 wave 2M antenna will work as a base-loaded 1/4 wave on 6M
provided it isn't DC grounded. The Larsen NMO150 is not
and it works well. Even on a 6m HT walkie talkie
with a case 54" trailing ground plane wire.

Rule of thumb is doubling antenna elevation at VHF produces about
6 dB gain or two full S-Units.

52.525 FM Simplex is the KY6MTR
FM Meteor Scatter calling frequency.

Some Thoughts on Repeater Performance and the Isolation Between Receiver and Transmitter
I've owned a 6 meter repeater with a brand new duplexer and I understand why most 6m repeaters have limited range because of the duplexer loss and the repeater is idle for years with no one using it.

My ideal of a future six meter repeater will be a split site utilizing a UHF link between them with about a 10 mile separation between the High power transmitter and a very good receiver w/pre-amp.

It will take a half-mile to get 60db isolation at 6 meters, and twice that to get 6db more. The receive and transmitter range will be much greater and really performed better than 2 meters or 440..

"No one person" can keep a 6 meter split-sight system operating, as it is too wide spread and requires fine tuning. If you can't find at least ten six meter enthusiast to help and maintain the large expensive system, Then your dream project will be doom from the start..

Also you need a Six meter transceiver as a loner for new Hams interested in the system..

Number 1: 53.07 Mhz FM KB4PTJ Jellico Mountain.

Number 2: 53.01 Mhz FM WA4BGK Nashville, TN...................

Number 3: 53.27 Mhz FM AC4DM Down for repairs Nancy, KY Good location

Number 4: 53.39 Mhz FM AC4DM New will be up soon.Nancy,Ky..

Lexington-Nicholasville, Kentucky Six Meter open FM net at 52.490 MHz Simplex
8:00 pm Wednesday Nights. General Chat each Night at 7:30 pm on 52.525 MHz simplex



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Amateur--Ham Radio UHF and Microwave - C-Band Parabolic-Antenna
The old 12' TV satellite dish now has the power Of a 30' Radio Astronomy dish of 20 years ago
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This page shows some of our research that ends up on our Radio Astronomy page here at

Main Site: WWW.ZTECK.COM/RADIO/TV.HTM

The Radio Astronomy site is updating its computers, software, digital receivers, antenna, generic demodulators, HDTV-SDTV Sets, DTV audio and video and is being broadcast live online from signals received from deep space on the main site and the main page has much more information.

HDTV-SDTV RECEIVER!
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HDTV technological advances enable a new class of passive radar receivers. These DTV radars have no dedicated transmitter, observing serendipitous scatter of deep space sources. Such DTV radar receivers have very high performance which observes alien broadcasts, and cost far less than conventional radars . The resulting equipment is essentially reduced to simple 12' C Band TV Dish antenna, desktop computers, generic demodulators, and HDTV-SDTV receiver System. Our receive system provides far better range and resolution than any conventional Radio Astronomy system, and is completely free of any range or aliasing problems. Spectacular advances in low-cost computing, software and internet bandwidth have rendered the background audio & picture noise problems easy to solve with Dolby Surround & DTS digital format and the receiver can receive a perfect signal, free of ghosts, and interference..

Like to hear from you email address listed belowFree online html Ebook nothing required to read it.

E-Mail: zteck1@yahoo.com

Mod 2sc2879 10m amp to 6m Linear!

FatBoy, Teaxs Star, Most 2sc2879 CB type 10 - 11 meter Linears, look at is whether it is a Class C, or Class AB amplifier. Most CB amps are Class C which will work fine on FM, CW or AM, but will be kind of Noisy on SSB. The main differnce between the two types is a bias voltage of .6 volts supplied to the base of the transister. If this circuit is built into the amp, you will see a grounded diode of a voltage regulator. This can be added if it is not there. I would reccommend a switch to be added to go between class C and Class AB operation. Lookup how to make a voltage divider with a diode for more details.

Next thing to consider is the matching transformers/combiners. Theses will have to be changed because of the core material. Ferrite is only good up to 30 MHZ. You can either have some made, or wind your own with terroids. I will not go into the details here, but I hope you are a good calculator jockey.

From my experience so far, converting a CB amp is not as easy as it looks. Converting a CB and adding filters to work cleanly on HF Amateur bands is far easier than converting them for 6 meters. You may want to consider trashing the guts of that texas star or Fatboy, and consider using the case and heatsink to build another one from scratch.

http://www.farcircuits.net/ has a good 6 meter 100 watt amp that will use almost any VHF transistor. For 16 dollars, they will send you instructions, and a printed circuit board.



I am a licensed USA amateur radio operator (General Class)

As such at 2.4 ghz, I am legally allowed to use Maximum Transmitter Power Output (TPO) of 100 watt or 50dBm. in channels 1 through 6 (inclusive) as long as i don't interfer with anyone. Since my access point is a WRT54G Linksys WiFi (22mw) RF power and receive system. I will not be running under amateur radio license, if i was then the site must comply with amateur radio rules, you can not use WEP encryption, must enable SSID, communicate with at least one other licensed ham, and broadcast your callsign. This site is operating under the Wifi ISM rules that are allowed to use encryption, but are also restricted to no more than 36dBm (4 watts ERP).





A Web Site For Tinkers.. This is a site dedicated to Ham Radio. If you are into Microwave, UHF, or VHF operation, I trust the information presented will be of interest. The ideals contained on this web site are based on my experience and needs. Your experience and needs may be different than mine. The ideals and hardware listed on this site are for your pleasure, and are not personal endorsements. I am not reimbursed for their appearance, and the opinions expressed about them are mine alone. The exclusion of any company or product is strictly coincidental. The names, brands, model numbers, logos, features, and products appearing herein are registered trademarks and/or copyrights of their respective companies. Please e-mail questions, comments, or suggestions to:




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